:root {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --bg: #071626;
  --bg-soft: #0b1c30;
  --text: #f5f8fc;
  --muted: #b9c7d8;
  --faint: #8799ad;
  --rule: rgba(208, 226, 246, 0.23);
  --accent: #8dc0ff;
  --accent-strong: #b9d9ff;
  --max: 1240px;
  --pad: clamp(22px, 5vw, 72px);
  --font: Aptos, "Segoe UI Variable", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

html[data-theme="light"] {
  color-scheme: light;
  --bg: #f8fbff;
  --bg-soft: #ffffff;
  --text: #10243b;
  --muted: #4c6076;
  --faint: #73879b;
  --rule: rgba(16, 51, 86, 0.20);
  --accent: #145ea8;
  --accent-strong: #0e4c89;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--font);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-strong); }
button, input { font: inherit; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  left: 16px;
  top: 12px;
  transform: translateY(-180%);
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--text);
  color: var(--bg);
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }

.site-header,
main,
footer {
  width: min(100%, calc(var(--max) + 2 * var(--pad)));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-left: var(--pad);
  padding-right: var(--pad);
}

.site-header {
  min-height: 84px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.wordmark {
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.header-actions,
.nav { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.header-actions { gap: 24px; }
.nav { gap: 24px; }
.nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 520;
}
.nav a:hover,
.nav a.active { color: var(--text); }
.theme-toggle {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 9px 12px;
  font-size: 15px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-strong); }

.hero {
  min-height: 590px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(260px, .65fr);
  gap: clamp(44px, 7vw, 96px);
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: clamp(68px, 9vw, 124px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(68px, 9vw, 124px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.hero-name {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3vw, 36px);
  font-weight: 680;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}
.hero h1,
.publications-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 760px;
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.5vw, 42px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.kicker {
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 560;
}
.lede {
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  max-width: 720px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.hero-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.hero-links a,
.section-link,
.column-link,
.inline-link {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-weight: 570;
}
.portrait-wrap {
  margin: 0;
  justify-self: end;
  width: min(100%, 330px);
}
.portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 35%;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.section {
  padding-top: clamp(70px, 8vw, 108px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(70px, 8vw, 108px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.section-intro { margin-bottom: 42px; }
.section-intro--inline {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}
.section-intro--inline .section-label { margin: 0; }
.section-label {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 680;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.section h2,
.publications-main h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.2vw, 38px);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  font-weight: 650;
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.research-column {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 46px);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 34px;
}
.pillar-number,
.small-label {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 670;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.research-column h3 {
  margin: 7px 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2.3vw, 30px);
  line-height: 1.14;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.research-question {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 520px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 18px;
}
.topics {
  margin: 19px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-style: italic;
}
.selected-work { margin-top: auto; }
.work-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 52px 1fr auto;
  gap: 13px;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.work-item:last-of-type { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.work-year { color: var(--faint); font-size: 15px; }
.work-title { font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.4; }
.column-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 18px; font-size: 16px; }

/* Now */
.now-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(42px, 6vw, 78px);
  align-items: start;
}
.now-column { min-width: 0; }
.now-column--publications {
  padding-left: clamp(30px, 4.5vw, 58px);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.now-subhead { margin-bottom: 16px; }
.now-subhead-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
}
.now-title-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 18px;
}
.now-subhead h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 620; }
.now-subhead p { margin: 7px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; }
.now-subhead p a { color: var(--accent-strong); }
.publication-meta-line {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px 8px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.publication-meta-line strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 680; }
.publication-meta-line a { color: var(--accent-strong); }

.speaking-summary,
.publication-summary {
  margin: 0 0 26px;
  padding: 18px 0 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.summary-heading-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.summary-heading-row h4 { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 620; }
.summary-heading-row span { color: var(--faint); font-size: 14px; }
.speaking-counts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}
.speaking-counts--compact {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 5px 16px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 14.5px;
}
.speaking-counts--compact .speaking-stat {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
}
.speaking-counts--compact .speaking-stat + .speaking-stat { padding-left: 0; }
.speaking-counts--compact .speaking-stat strong {
  display: inline;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.speaking-counts--compact .speaking-stat span {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 14.5px;
}
.speaking-stat {
  padding: 5px 14px 5px 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.speaking-stat + .speaking-stat { padding-left: 14px; }
.speaking-stat:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.speaking-stat strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(27px, 2.6vw, 36px);
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 620;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}
.speaking-stat span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}
.speaking-venues {
  margin: 15px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.publication-summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(150px, .42fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: center;
}
.publication-stat strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(27px, 2.6vw, 36px);
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 620;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}
.publication-stat span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}
.research-profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px 18px;
  align-items: center;
}
.research-profile-links a {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 560;
}
.publications-profile-links { margin-top: 18px; }

.event-list,
.latest-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.event-item,
.latest-item {
  display: block;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 17px 0 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.event-date,
.pub-year {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.event-title,
.latest-title {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.42;
  font-weight: 590;
}
.event-meta,
.pub-meta,
.latest-meta {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 15.5px;
}
.event-meta { margin-top: 7px; line-height: 1.5; }
.latest-authors {
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.self-author {
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 760;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.08em;
  text-underline-offset: 0.13em;
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
}

.empty-state,
.loading { color: var(--muted); }

/* About */
.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  gap: clamp(42px, 8vw, 104px);
}
.about-content { min-width: 0; }
.about-subhead {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 620;
}
.appointment-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.appointment {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, .55fr) 1fr;
  gap: 26px;
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.appointment-title { font-weight: 620; }
.appointment-org { color: var(--muted); }
.appointment-links { margin-top: 7px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; }
.appointment-links a { color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: 15.5px; }
.affiliations-block { margin-top: 42px; }
.logo-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.logo-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 88px;
  padding: 8px 0;
}
.logo-link img { display: block; max-height: 72px; max-width: min(100%, 390px); width: auto; }
.logo-link.umsom img { max-height: 64px; }
.logo-link.cmns img { max-height: 54px; max-width: min(100%, 430px); }
.theme-logo--light { display: none !important; }
html[data-theme="light"] .theme-logo--dark { display: none !important; }
html[data-theme="light"] .theme-logo--light { display: block !important; }
.connect-block { margin-top: 34px; }
.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 20px;
}
.profile-links a { color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: 16px; }

footer {
  min-height: 120px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* Publications */
.publications-main { padding-top: 0; }
.publications-hero {
  padding: clamp(70px, 8vw, 108px) 0 56px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.publications-hero > p:not(.section-label) {
  max-width: 780px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 18px;
}
.publications-browser { padding: 48px 0 100px; }
.browser-tools {
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.browser-tools label { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 620; }
.browser-tools input {
  width: min(100%, 640px);
  padding: 13px 14px;
  color: var(--text);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  outline: none;
  font-size: 17px;
}
.browser-tools input:focus { border-color: var(--accent); }
.topic-filters { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.topic-filter {
  padding: 8px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 15.5px;
}
.topic-filter:hover,
.topic-filter.active { color: var(--text); border-color: var(--accent); }
.pub-count { margin: 0; color: var(--faint); font-size: 15.5px; }
.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 70px 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 23px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.pub-title { margin: 0; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 610; }
.pub-citation { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.5; }
.pub-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-top: 11px; }
.pub-tag { color: var(--faint); font-size: 14.5px; }
.metadata-note { margin-top: 32px; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); color: var(--faint); font-size: 14.5px; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  body { font-size: 17px; }
  .site-header { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; }
  .header-actions { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; }
  .nav { gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: auto; }
  .portrait-wrap { justify-self: start; width: min(72vw, 300px); }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .now-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .now-column--publications { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 40px; }
  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .appointment { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 5px; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  :root { --pad: 20px; }
  .site-header { min-height: 0; }
  .header-actions { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
  .nav { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; gap: 10px; }
  .nav a { font-size: 15px; }
  .theme-toggle { font-size: 15px; padding: 8px 10px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 56px; padding-bottom: 64px; gap: 42px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(30px, 9vw, 36px); }
  .hero-name { font-size: 27px; }
  .kicker { font-size: 17px; }
  .lede { font-size: 17px; }
  .portrait-wrap { width: min(78vw, 280px); }
  .section { padding-top: 62px; padding-bottom: 62px; }
  .research-column { padding: 28px 22px; }
  .work-item { grid-template-columns: 45px 1fr auto; }
  .now-subhead-row { flex-direction: column; }
  .now-title-row { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
  .event-item,
  .latest-item { padding: 16px 0 17px; }
  .speaking-counts { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .speaking-stat { padding: 5px 8px 5px 0; }
  .speaking-stat + .speaking-stat { padding-left: 8px; }
  .publication-summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .speaking-stat strong { font-size: 27px; }
  .speaking-stat span { font-size: 13.5px; }
  .logo-row { align-items: flex-start; gap: 20px; }
  .logo-link { width: 100%; min-height: 70px; padding: 4px 0; }
  .logo-link img { max-width: 100%; max-height: 58px; }
  footer { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; }
  .pub-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 7px; }
}

/* Research + speaking hierarchy */
.research-recent {
  margin-bottom: clamp(48px, 6vw, 76px);
}
.research-recent-head {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.research-recent-head h3,
.speaking-layout h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 630;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.research-recent-head p {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15.5px;
}
.research-recent-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  font-size: 15px;
}
.research-recent-links a { color: var(--accent-strong); }
.latest-list--research {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.latest-list--research .latest-item {
  padding: 18px 16px 20px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.latest-list--research .latest-title { font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.38; }
.latest-list--research .latest-authors { font-size: 13.25px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; }
.research-areas-head { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.research-column h3 { margin-top: 0; }

.speaking-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, .72fr) minmax(0, 1.55fr);
  gap: clamp(42px, 7vw, 92px);
  align-items: start;
}
.speaking-overview {
  padding-right: clamp(0px, 2vw, 22px);
}
.speaking-overview > h3,
.speaking-upcoming > h3 { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.speaking-counts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}
.speaking-stat {
  padding: 18px 12px 17px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.speaking-stat + .speaking-stat { padding-left: 12px; }
.speaking-stat strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 38px);
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 640;
}
.speaking-stat span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
}
.speaking-map {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 16px 0 13px;
}
.speaking-map-title {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.speaking-map svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.map-land { fill: none; stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1.5; }
.map-dot { fill: var(--accent); opacity: .9; }
.speaking-venues { margin-top: 13px; }
.speaking-upcoming { min-width: 0; }

/* Publication filtering: author CSS must not override the HTML hidden state. */
.pub-item[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.pub-title { font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 620; }
.pub-citation { font-size: 15.25px; line-height: 1.5; }

@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  .latest-list--research { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .speaking-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .speaking-overview { max-width: 620px; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .research-recent-head { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
  .research-recent-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .latest-list--research { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .speaking-counts { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .speaking-stat { padding: 15px 8px; }
  .speaking-stat + .speaking-stat { padding-left: 8px; }
  .speaking-stat strong { font-size: 27px; }
  .speaking-stat span { font-size: 12.5px; }
}

/* 2026-09-19 refinement: publication hierarchy + interactive speaking map */
.latest-list--research {
  display: block;
  border-left: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.latest-list--research .latest-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 22px;
  row-gap: 4px;
  padding: 17px 0 18px;
  border-right: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.latest-list--research .latest-meta {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  padding-top: 1px;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-title {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 15.75px;
  line-height: 1.38;
  font-weight: 620;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-authors {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin-top: 1px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
}

.speaking-layout {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(360px, .95fr);
  gap: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px);
}
.speaking-overview { padding-right: 0; }
.speaking-counts {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.speaking-map-block { margin-top: 2px; }
.speaking-map-heading,
.speaking-upcoming-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
}
.speaking-map-heading {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .065em;
}
.speaking-map-note,
.speaking-upcoming-head span {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 450;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.speaking-upcoming-head { margin-bottom: 0; }
.speaking-upcoming-head h3 { margin: 0; }
.speaking-map {
  height: 430px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.event-list--scroll {
  height: 430px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: var(--rule) transparent;
}
.event-list--scroll::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 8px; }
.event-list--scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent; }
.event-list--scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: var(--rule); border-radius: 999px; }
.event-list--scroll .event-item { padding-right: 16px; }
.speaking-venues { margin-top: 11px; font-size: 13.5px; }

/* Leaflet should inherit the site's editorial tone rather than look like an embedded app. */
.leaflet-container { font-family: var(--font); }
.leaflet-control-zoom a {
  background: var(--bg-soft) !important;
  color: var(--text) !important;
  border-color: var(--rule) !important;
}
.leaflet-control-attribution {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 88%, transparent) !important;
  color: var(--faint) !important;
  font-size: 10px !important;
}
.leaflet-control-attribution a { color: var(--accent-strong) !important; }
.leaflet-tooltip {
  background: var(--bg-soft) !important;
  color: var(--text) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule) !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  font: 13px/1.35 var(--font) !important;
}
.leaflet-tooltip-top:before { border-top-color: var(--rule) !important; }

/* Publication index: title and author/citation should read as one compact citation block. */
.pub-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 15.75px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  font-weight: 640;
}
.pub-citation {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15.1px;
  line-height: 1.48;
}
.pub-item { padding: 19px 0 20px; }
.topic-filter { text-decoration: none; }

@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  .latest-list--research { grid-template-columns: none; }
  .speaking-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .speaking-overview { max-width: none; }
  .speaking-map,
  .event-list--scroll { height: 390px; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .latest-list--research .latest-item { grid-template-columns: 54px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 12px; }
  .latest-list--research .latest-title { font-size: 15.5px; }
  .latest-list--research .latest-authors { font-size: 14px; }
  .speaking-map,
  .event-list--scroll { height: 360px; }
  .speaking-map-heading,
  .speaking-upcoming-head { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 3px; }
  .speaking-counts { margin-bottom: 18px; }
}


/* 2026-09-20: formal publication tags + no-key speaking map */
.topic-filter span {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: .88em;
  margin-left: 3px;
}
.topic-filter.active span { color: var(--accent); }
.pub-title {
  font-size: 15.2px;
  line-height: 1.42;
  font-weight: 630;
}
.pub-citation {
  font-size: 14.9px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
/* OSM standard tiles: no API key. Slightly subdued so the map remains secondary. */
html[data-theme="dark"] .leaflet-tile-pane {
  filter: brightness(.62) saturate(.55) contrast(1.08);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .leaflet-tile-pane {
  filter: saturate(.72) contrast(.96);
}
.speaking-map { min-height: 430px; }
.speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .logo-link.cmns img { max-height: 46px; }
  .pub-title { font-size: 15px; }
  .pub-citation { font-size: 14.7px; }
}

.logo-row .logo-link.cmns { flex: 1 1 420px; }
.logo-row .logo-link.cmns img { width: min(100%, 520px); }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .logo-row .logo-link.cmns { flex-basis: 100%; }
}

/* 2026-09-20c: compact research dashboard, vector speaking map, publication tag hierarchy */
.research-overview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(330px, .82fr) minmax(0, 1.38fr);
  gap: clamp(30px, 4vw, 52px);
  align-items: start;
}
.research-recent { margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
.research-recent-head {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 11px;
}
.research-recent-head h3,
.research-areas-head h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}
.research-recent-head p {
  margin-top: 5px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.42;
}
.research-recent-links {
  justify-content: flex-start;
  margin-top: 7px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-item {
  grid-template-columns: 43px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 10px;
  row-gap: 2px;
  padding: 10px 0 11px;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-meta {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  padding-top: 1px;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-title {
  font-size: 13.4px;
  line-height: 1.32;
  font-weight: 620;
}
.latest-list--research .latest-authors {
  font-size: 12.1px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
}
.research-areas-panel { min-width: 0; }
.research-areas-head { margin: 0 0 11px; }
.research-grid {
  border: 0;
  gap: 12px;
}
.research-column {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 16px 17px 15px;
  gap: 13px;
  min-height: 0;
}
.research-column h3 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.research-question {
  font-size: 13.4px;
  line-height: 1.42;
}
.topics {
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-size: 12.4px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.selected-work { margin-top: 0; }
.selected-work .small-label {
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: .055em;
}
.work-item {
  grid-template-columns: 35px 1fr auto;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 7px 0;
}
.work-year { font-size: 11.6px; }
.work-title { font-size: 12.45px; line-height: 1.32; }
.column-link { margin-top: 9px; font-size: 12.6px; }

/* Tile-free vector map. The background is local Natural Earth geometry, not a raster tile service. */
.speaking-map {
  height: 390px;
  min-height: 390px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
}
.speaking-map .leaflet-pane,
.speaking-map .leaflet-control { z-index: 1; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-overlay-pane { z-index: 3; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-tooltip-pane { z-index: 5; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-control-container { z-index: 6; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { display: none !important; }
.speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll {
  height: 520px;
  max-height: 520px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: var(--rule) transparent;
}
.speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 8px; }
.speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: var(--rule); }
.leaflet-control-attribution {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 88%, transparent) !important;
  color: var(--faint) !important;
  font-size: 9px !important;
}

/* Publication titles should read as part of the citation, not as page-level headings. */
.publications-main h2.pub-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 15.6px;
  line-height: 1.36;
  letter-spacing: -0.006em;
  font-weight: 640;
}
.pub-citation {
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-size: 14.6px;
  line-height: 1.46;
}
.pub-item { padding: 16px 0 17px; }
.pub-tags {
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 9px;
}
.pub-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 4px 7px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 45%, var(--rule));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 12.2px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.topic-filter {
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 7px 10px;
}
.topic-filter.active {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 11%, transparent);
}

@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  .research-overview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; }
  .research-recent { max-width: 760px; }
  .speaking-map { height: 380px; min-height: 380px; }
  .speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll { height: 420px; max-height: 420px; }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-column { padding: 16px; }
  .publications-main h2.pub-title { font-size: 15px; }
  .pub-citation { font-size: 14.2px; }
  .pub-tag { font-size: 11.8px; }
}


/* 2026-09-20d: profile links, institution-grouped appointments, AcademicPages-style talk map */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: -1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}
.hero-connect {
  margin-top: 13px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
}
.hero-connect-label {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.profile-icon-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; }
.profile-icon-links a {
  width: 31px;
  height: 31px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 88%, transparent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.profile-icon-links a:hover,
.profile-icon-links a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* About is organized by institution so the logo and appointments read as one unit. */
.appointment-groups { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.appointment-group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(210px, .44fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(26px, 4vw, 48px);
  align-items: center;
  padding: 25px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.appointment-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  min-width: 0;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.appointment-logo img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: left center;
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 55px;
}
.appointment-logo--umsom img { max-width: 235px; max-height: 49px; }
.appointment-logo--umihc img { max-width: 250px; max-height: 56px; }
.appointment-logo--cmns img { max-width: 285px; max-height: 58px; }
.appointment-group-body { min-width: 0; }
.appointment-role + .appointment-role { margin-top: 13px; padding-top: 13px; border-top: 1px dotted var(--rule); }
.appointment-role .appointment-title { margin-bottom: 3px; }
.appointment-role .appointment-org { line-height: 1.45; }
.appointment-group .appointment-links { margin-top: 12px; }

/* Leaflet/OSM speaking footprint modeled after the common AcademicPages talk-map pattern. */
.speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { display: block !important; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-pane { z-index: auto; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { z-index: 200; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-overlay-pane { z-index: 400; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-marker-pane { z-index: 600; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-tooltip-pane { z-index: 650; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-control-container { position: relative; z-index: 800; }
html[data-theme="dark"] .speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { filter: brightness(.72) saturate(.55) contrast(1.02); }
html[data-theme="light"] .speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { filter: saturate(.78) contrast(.96); }
.speaking-dot-wrap { background: transparent; border: 0; }
.speaking-dot {
  display: block;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 82%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 60%, transparent);
}
.speaking-dot--upcoming {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  background: var(--accent-strong);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 32%, transparent);
}
.speaking-cluster-wrap { background: transparent; border: 0; }
.speaking-cluster {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 90%, var(--bg));
  color: var(--bg);
  border: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--text) 80%, transparent);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 760;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.leaflet-popup-content-wrapper,
.leaflet-popup-tip {
  background: var(--bg-soft) !important;
  color: var(--text) !important;
}
.leaflet-popup-content { font: 13px/1.4 var(--font); }

/* Publication chronology: compact citation typography. */
.publications-main h2.pub-title,
.pub-title { font-size: 14.4px !important; line-height: 1.38 !important; font-weight: 650 !important; }
.pub-citation { font-size: 14.0px !important; line-height: 1.47 !important; }
.pub-item { padding: 16px 0 17px; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 15px; align-items: start; }
  .appointment-logo img { max-width: min(100%, 300px); }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .hero-connect { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
  .profile-icon-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .publications-main h2.pub-title,
  .pub-title { font-size: 14.1px !important; }
  .pub-citation { font-size: 13.8px !important; }
}

/* 2026-09-20e: editorial hero treatment, labeled profile links, normalized affiliation marks */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 650px;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.28fr) minmax(300px, .72fr);
  gap: clamp(50px, 7vw, 96px);
  padding-top: clamp(76px, 9vw, 118px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(76px, 9vw, 118px);
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -2;
  inset: 0 calc(-1 * var(--pad));
  background: url("images/clinical-ai-background.webp") center center / cover no-repeat;
  opacity: .30;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: 0 calc(-1 * var(--pad));
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7,22,38,.98) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.91) 42%, rgba(7,22,38,.72) 68%, rgba(7,22,38,.74) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7,22,38,.12) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.52) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero::before { opacity: .13; filter: saturate(.78) contrast(.92); }
html[data-theme="light"] .hero::after {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(248,251,255,.98) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.94) 50%, rgba(248,251,255,.82) 72%, rgba(248,251,255,.88) 100%);
}
.hero-copy { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero-name {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.hero .kicker {
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.65vw, 20px);
  font-weight: 560;
}
.hero h1 {
  max-width: 760px;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 3.55vw, 44px);
  line-height: 1.08;
}
.hero .lede {
  margin-top: 24px;
  max-width: 700px;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--text) 77%, var(--muted));
}
.hero-links { margin-top: 32px; }
.hero-explore {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 62%, var(--rule));
  color: var(--text) !important;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 68%, transparent);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 590;
  transition: transform .16s ease, border-color .16s ease, background .16s ease;
}
.hero-explore:hover,
.hero-explore:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 84%, transparent);
}
.portrait-wrap {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(100%, 365px);
}
.portrait {
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
}
.hero-connect {
  margin-top: 16px;
  display: block;
}
.hero-connect-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
}
.profile-icon-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px 15px;
  justify-content: stretch;
}
.profile-icon-links a {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.profile-icon-links a:hover,
.profile-icon-links a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  border-color: transparent;
  transform: none;
}
.connect-icon {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 83%, transparent);
}
.connect-text { white-space: nowrap; }

/* Normalize institution logos by visual weight rather than source-image width. */
.appointment-group {
  grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr);
  min-height: 112px;
}
.appointment-logo {
  width: 230px;
  min-height: 72px;
  justify-content: center;
}
.appointment-logo img {
  width: auto;
  max-width: 220px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}
.appointment-logo--umsom img { height: 64px; max-height: 64px; max-width: 220px; }
.appointment-logo--umihc img { height: 60px; max-height: 60px; max-width: 220px; }
.appointment-logo--cmns img { height: 48px; max-height: 48px; max-width: 230px; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: auto;
  }
  .portrait-wrap { justify-self: start; width: min(72vw, 330px); }
  .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: 0; }
  .appointment-logo { width: min(100%, 300px); justify-content: flex-start; }
  .appointment-logo img { object-position: left center; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .hero { padding-top: 58px; padding-bottom: 64px; }
  .hero-name { font-size: 29px; }
  .hero .kicker { margin-bottom: 24px; font-size: 17px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(30px, 9vw, 36px); }
  .profile-icon-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 8px 12px; }
  .connect-text { font-size: 13px; }
}


/* 2026-09-20f: clearer primary navigation and robust hero artwork loading */
.nav { gap: 22px; }
.nav-dropdown { position: relative; }
.nav-dropdown summary {
  list-style: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 520;
  user-select: none;
}
.nav-dropdown summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.nav-dropdown summary::after {
  content: "⌄";
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 5px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: .82em;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.nav-dropdown summary:hover,
.nav-dropdown summary:focus-visible,
.nav-dropdown summary.active { color: var(--text); outline: none; }
.nav-menu {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 50;
  top: calc(100% + 12px);
  left: -14px;
  min-width: 190px;
  padding: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 96%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
.nav-menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-menu a:hover,
.nav-menu a:focus-visible,
.nav-menu a.active { color: var(--text); background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, transparent); }
.nav-dropdown:not([open]) .nav-menu { display: none; }
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .nav-dropdown:hover .nav-menu { display: block; }
}

.hero-background {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -2;
  inset: 0 calc(-1 * var(--pad));
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-background img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  opacity: .30;
}
.hero::before { display: none !important; }
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-background img { opacity: .13; filter: saturate(.78) contrast(.92); }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav { flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 12px; }
  .nav-menu { left: 0; }
}


/* 2026-09-20g: explicit Home navigation + robust hero artwork stacking */
.hero-background {
  z-index: 0 !important;
}
.hero-background img {
  opacity: .34;
}
.hero::after {
  z-index: 1 !important;
}
.hero-copy,
.portrait-wrap {
  z-index: 2 !important;
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-background img {
  opacity: .16;
}


/* 2026-09-20h: full top-stage artwork + normalized appointment lockups */
.hero-stage {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #071626;
}
.hero-stage-background {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  pointer-events: none;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.hero-stage-background picture,
.hero-stage-background img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.hero-stage-background img {
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  opacity: 1;
  filter: saturate(.96) contrast(1.02);
}
.hero-stage::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(7,22,38,.84) 0%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.76) 32%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.56) 58%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.36) 78%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.30) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7,22,38,.22) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.42) 100%);
}
.hero-stage .site-header,
.hero-stage .hero {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.hero-stage .site-header {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #071626 22%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(1.5px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(1.5px);
}
.hero-stage .hero {
  background: transparent !important;
}
.hero-stage .hero::before,
.hero-stage .hero::after,
.hero-stage .hero-background {
  display: none !important;
}

html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage {
  background: #f8fbff;
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage-background img {
  opacity: .60;
  filter: saturate(.72) contrast(.92) brightness(1.10);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(248,251,255,.91) 0%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.86) 36%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.70) 62%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.56) 82%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.52) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,251,255,.20) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.40) 100%);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage .site-header {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #f8fbff 34%, transparent);
}

/* Appointment lockups: equal visual presence despite very different logo aspect ratios. */
.appointment-group {
  grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 52px);
  min-height: 126px;
}
.appointment-logo {
  width: 300px;
  min-height: 82px;
  justify-content: center;
}
.appointment-logo img {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-height: none;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center center;
}
.appointment-logo--umsom img { width: 255px; max-width: 255px; }
.appointment-logo--umihc img { width: 260px; max-width: 260px; }
.appointment-logo--cmns img { width: 295px; max-width: 295px; }
.appointment-role--shared .appointment-title + .appointment-title {
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.appointment-role--shared .appointment-org {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-stage::after {
    background:
      linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7,22,38,.82) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.64) 62%, rgba(7,22,38,.48) 100%);
  }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage::after {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,251,255,.92) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.78) 62%, rgba(248,251,255,.66) 100%);
  }
  .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: 0; }
  .appointment-logo { width: min(100%, 320px); justify-content: flex-start; }
  .appointment-logo img { object-position: left center; }
  .appointment-logo--umsom img { width: min(255px, 100%); }
  .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: min(260px, 100%); }
  .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: min(295px, 100%); }
}

/* 2026-09-20i: center hero content within the full-width artwork stage. */
.hero-stage .hero {
  width: min(100%, calc(var(--max) + 2 * var(--pad)));
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: var(--pad);
  padding-right: var(--pad);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-stage .hero {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* 2026-09-20j: ambient flowing-particle hero + mobile-preserving artwork composition */
.hero-stage-background {
  z-index: 0 !important;
  background: #071626;
}
.hero-stage-background::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -5%;
  z-index: -1;
  background: url("images/clinical-ai-background.webp") center center / cover no-repeat;
  opacity: .24;
  filter: blur(16px) saturate(.92);
  transform: scale(1.06);
}
.hero-stage::after {
  z-index: 1 !important;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(7,22,38,.78) 0%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.69) 32%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.48) 58%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.29) 80%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.25) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7,22,38,.13) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.34) 100%) !important;
}
.hero-particles {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: .82;
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
}
.hero-stage .site-header,
.hero-stage .hero {
  z-index: 3 !important;
}

html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage-background::before {
  opacity: .18;
  filter: blur(17px) saturate(.70) brightness(1.08);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(248,251,255,.88) 0%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.79) 36%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.59) 64%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.43) 84%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.40) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,251,255,.12) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.30) 100%) !important;
}
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-particles {
  opacity: .38;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  /* A wide 16:9 hero cannot cover a tall phone layout without severe cropping.
     Keep an almost-complete copy across the top, then fade it into a softly
     zoomed continuation so the source artwork remains recognizable. */
  .hero-stage-background::before {
    inset: -7%;
    background-position: 58% 24%;
    opacity: .38;
    filter: blur(18px) saturate(.96);
    transform: scale(1.10);
  }
  .hero-stage-background picture {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 0 auto;
    height: clamp(245px, 67vw, 390px);
    overflow: hidden;
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 0%, #000 67%, transparent 100%);
    mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 0%, #000 67%, transparent 100%);
  }
  .hero-stage-background img {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 50%;
    width: 112%;
    max-width: none;
    height: auto;
    min-height: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center top;
    opacity: .88;
  }
  .hero-stage::after {
    background:
      linear-gradient(180deg,
        rgba(7,22,38,.62) 0%,
        rgba(7,22,38,.69) 28%,
        rgba(7,22,38,.58) 58%,
        rgba(7,22,38,.47) 100%) !important;
  }
  .hero-particles {
    opacity: .70;
  }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage-background::before { opacity: .25; }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage-background img { opacity: .56; }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage::after {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg,
      rgba(248,251,255,.82) 0%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.79) 30%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.68) 64%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.62) 100%) !important;
  }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-particles { opacity: .27; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .hero-stage-background picture {
    height: clamp(235px, 72vw, 315px);
  }
  .hero-stage-background img {
    width: 116%;
  }
  .hero-particles { opacity: .60; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .hero-particles { display: none !important; }
}

/* Ensure the soft-fill artwork sits above the stage background but below the primary art. */
.hero-stage-background::before { z-index: 0; }
.hero-stage-background picture { position: relative; z-index: 1; }


/* 2026-09-20k: two-column About architecture with compact leadership and date-aware editorships */
.about-section .section-intro { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.about-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .88fr) minmax(0, 1.12fr);
  gap: clamp(44px, 6vw, 82px);
  align-items: start;
}
.about-column { min-width: 0; }
.about-panel + .about-panel { margin-top: 38px; }
.about-panel .about-subhead {
  margin-bottom: 13px;
  font-size: 18px;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.leadership-list,
.editorial-group,
.credential-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.leadership-item {
  padding: 13px 0 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.leadership-org,
.editorial-org {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 690;
  letter-spacing: .035em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.leadership-item > p,
.leadership-lines p,
.editorial-main p {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.42;
}
.leadership-item strong,
.editorial-main strong { font-weight: 680; }
.role-separator { color: var(--faint); padding: 0 .18em; }
.leadership-lines { margin-top: 5px; }
.leadership-lines p { margin-top: 2px; }
.leadership-lines p::before {
  content: "—";
  color: var(--faint);
  margin-right: 7px;
}

.editorial-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 13px 0 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.editorial-status {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-top: 1px;
}
.editorial-prior-block { margin-top: 18px; }
.editorial-prior-block h4,
.education-group h4 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  font-weight: 680;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.editorial-group--prior .editorial-item { opacity: .74; }
.editorial-prior-block[hidden] { display: none !important; }

/* Appointments remain visually anchored by institution, but are compressed for the right column. */
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group {
  grid-template-columns: 178px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 23px;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 19px 0;
  align-items: center;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo {
  width: 178px;
  min-height: 58px;
  justify-content: center;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { width: 158px; max-width: 158px; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: 163px; max-width: 163px; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: 175px; max-width: 175px; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-title { font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.35; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-org { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.43; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links { gap: 10px; margin-top: 8px; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links a { font-size: 13.5px; }

.education-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 25px;
}
.credential {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.credential-year {
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.credential strong,
.credential span:not(.credential-year),
.credential a {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.38;
}
.credential strong { font-weight: 650; }
.credential span:not(.credential-year) { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 2px; }
.credential a { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 2px; }
.credential a:hover { color: var(--accent-strong); }

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .95fr) minmax(0, 1.05fr); gap: 42px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: min(100%, 220px); min-height: 46px; justify-content: flex-start; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo img { object-position: left center; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { width: min(158px, 100%); }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: min(163px, 100%); }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: min(175px, 100%); }
  .education-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; }
  .about-panel + .about-panel { margin-top: 32px; }
  .about-column--appointments { padding-top: 0; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 150px; justify-content: center; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { width: min(142px, 100%); }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: min(145px, 100%); }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: min(150px, 100%); }
  .education-columns { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: min(100%, 210px); justify-content: flex-start; }
  .education-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .editorial-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .editorial-status { white-space: normal; }
}

/* 2026-09-20m: editorial About refinement — 38/62 split, CV-style leadership, lighter appointment rhythm */
.about-columns {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 38fr) minmax(0, 62fr);
  gap: clamp(42px, 5vw, 72px);
}
.about-panel + .about-panel { margin-top: 30px; }
.about-panel .about-subhead {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  padding-bottom: 9px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size: 17px;
}

/* Leadership reads like a compact CV rather than a stack of cards. */
.leadership-list--cv,
.editorial-group--compact { border-top: 0; }
.leadership-list--cv .leadership-item {
  padding: 6px 0 7px;
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.leadership-cvline,
.editorial-cvline {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 14.2px;
  line-height: 1.48;
}
.leadership-cvline .leadership-org,
.editorial-cvline .editorial-org {
  display: inline;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: inherit;
  line-height: inherit;
  font-weight: 680;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}
.leadership-cvline strong,
.editorial-cvline strong { font-weight: 680; }
.leadership-dash,
.leadership-dot { color: var(--faint); }
.leadership-dot { padding: 0 .24em; }

.editorial-group--compact .editorial-item {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 0 7px;
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.editorial-cvline .editorial-status {
  display: inline;
  margin-left: .38em;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: inherit;
  font-style: italic;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.editorial-prior-block { margin-top: 13px; }
.editorial-prior-block h4 { margin-bottom: 4px; }
.editorial-group--prior .editorial-item { opacity: .70; }

/* Keep logos to the left, but give them a compact fixed visual slot and remove row dividers. */
.appointment-groups--compact { border-top: 0; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group {
  grid-template-columns: 136px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 11px 0 13px;
  border-bottom: 0;
  align-items: center;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo {
  width: 136px;
  min-height: 62px;
  justify-content: center;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo img {
  width: auto;
  max-width: 132px;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 64px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img {
  width: auto;
  height: 66px;
  max-width: 46px;
  max-height: 66px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img {
  width: 130px;
  max-width: 130px;
  max-height: 46px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img {
  width: 132px;
  max-width: 132px;
  max-height: 42px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-title { font-size: 15.2px; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-org { font-size: 13.8px; line-height: 1.42; }
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links { margin-top: 6px; }

/* Keep the compact education table; certificate belongs with additional postgraduate training. */
.education-columns { gap: 22px; }
.education-group h4 { margin-bottom: 7px; }
.credential { padding: 9px 0; }

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 40fr) minmax(0, 60fr); gap: 38px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 122px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 17px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 122px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: 116px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: 120px; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 42px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 150px; justify-content: center; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: 140px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: 145px; }
  .education-columns { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .leadership-cvline,
  .editorial-cvline { font-size: 14px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group { grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; align-items: start; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 92px; min-height: 48px; justify-content: flex-start; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { height: 54px; max-height: 54px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img { width: 88px; max-width: 88px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img { width: 92px; max-width: 92px; }
  .education-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .editorial-cvline .editorial-status { white-space: normal; }
}


/* 2026-09-20n: visual hierarchy refinements — boxed leadership/recent publications and centered hero actions */

/* About: appointments/education lead on the left; compact leadership becomes a distinct right-side panel. */
.about-columns {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 62fr) minmax(0, 38fr);
  gap: clamp(42px, 5vw, 72px);
}
.about-column--boxed {
  padding: clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 28px);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 88%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 72%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.07);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .about-column--boxed {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 86%, white 14%);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(19,43,68,.045);
}
.about-column--boxed .about-panel:first-child .about-subhead { margin-top: 0; }

/* Recent publications uses the same quiet panel language, without becoming a heavy card. */
.research-recent {
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 24px);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 88%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 72%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.055);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .research-recent {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 86%, white 14%);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(19,43,68,.04);
}
.latest-list--research .latest-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }

/* Center the primary hero action within the left field and the Connect module beneath the portrait. */
.hero-links {
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
}
.hero-explore {
  min-width: 176px;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
}
.hero-connect {
  text-align: center;
}
.hero-connect-label {
  width: max-content;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 690;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 72%, transparent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 6px;
}
.profile-icon-links {
  max-width: 330px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 60fr) minmax(0, 40fr); gap: 38px; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .about-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; }
  .about-column--boxed { padding: 22px; }
  .hero-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .hero-connect { text-align: left; }
  .hero-connect-label { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
  .profile-icon-links { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .research-recent { padding: 17px 16px; }
  .about-column--boxed { padding: 18px 16px; }
}

/* 2026-09-20o: unify Explore + Connect into a centered action bar beneath the hero identity/portrait row. */
.hero-stage .hero {
  row-gap: clamp(30px, 4vw, 46px);
}
.hero-action-bar {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  justify-self: center;
  width: min(100%, 860px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 54px);
  padding: 17px clamp(20px, 3vw, 34px);
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 82%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 58%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 34%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
}
.hero-action-bar .hero-links {
  width: auto;
  margin: 0;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  justify-content: center;
}
.hero-action-bar .hero-connect {
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 18px;
  text-align: center;
}
.hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label {
  margin: 0;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: .10em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 6px;
}
.hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 9px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links a {
  gap: 6px;
}
.hero-action-bar .connect-icon {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  flex-basis: 28px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-action-bar {
    width: min(100%, 700px);
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 18px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .hero-links,
  .hero-action-bar .hero-connect {
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label,
  .hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .hero-action-bar {
    margin-top: 4px;
    padding: 16px 10px;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 26%, transparent);
  }
  .hero-action-bar .hero-connect {
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    width: min(100%, 320px);
    gap: 8px 12px;
  }
}

/* 2026-09-20p: clarify Connect direction and enforce intentional 3 x 2 link grid. */
.hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label {
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--text);
}
.hero-action-bar .connect-direction {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.15em;
  line-height: 1;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content);
  column-gap: clamp(12px, 1.6vw, 20px);
  row-gap: 9px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links a {
  min-width: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .hero-action-bar .hero-connect {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .connect-direction {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }
  .hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content);
    column-gap: 14px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links {
    width: 100%;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    column-gap: 8px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .profile-icon-links a {
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 5px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .connect-icon {
    width: 25px;
    height: 25px;
    flex-basis: 25px;
  }
  .hero-action-bar .connect-text {
    font-size: 11.5px;
  }
}

/* 2026-09-20q: preserve full hero artwork across aspect ratios; compact icon-only appointment marks. */
.hero-stage-background picture {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.hero-stage-background img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center top;
}
.hero-stage-background::before {
  opacity: .34;
  filter: blur(18px) saturate(1.02);
  transform: scale(1.08);
}
.hero-stage::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(7,22,38,.72) 0%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.64) 31%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.44) 58%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.25) 81%,
      rgba(7,22,38,.22) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7,22,38,.10) 0%, rgba(7,22,38,.34) 100%) !important;
}

/* On truly wide viewports, cover is safe because it crops vertically rather than
   hiding the meaningful left grid or right graph frame. */
@media (min-width: 901px) and (min-aspect-ratio: 17/10) {
  .hero-stage-background img {
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-stage-background picture {
    inset: 0 0 auto;
    height: clamp(220px, 56.25vw, 520px);
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 0%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
    mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #000 0%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
  }
  .hero-stage-background img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center top;
    transform: none;
    opacity: .94;
  }
  .hero-stage-background::before {
    inset: -6%;
    opacity: .40;
    filter: blur(20px) saturate(.98);
    transform: scale(1.10);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .hero-stage-background picture {
    height: clamp(218px, 56.25vw, 320px);
  }
  .hero-stage-background img { width: 100%; }
}

html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage-background::before { opacity: .20; }
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-stage::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(248,251,255,.84) 0%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.77) 34%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.57) 62%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.39) 84%,
      rgba(248,251,255,.36) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(248,251,255,.10) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.27) 100%) !important;
}

/* Icon-only appointment marks: equal visual weight, less logo-wall effect. */
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group {
  grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo {
  width: 92px;
  min-height: 62px;
  justify-content: center;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img {
  width: auto;
  height: 62px;
  max-width: 52px;
  max-height: 62px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img,
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img {
  width: 62px;
  height: 62px;
  max-width: 62px;
  max-height: 62px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.appointment-institution-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 58%, transparent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
.appointment-institution-link:hover,
.appointment-institution-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group {
    grid-template-columns: 82px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 16px;
  }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 82px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { height: 56px; max-height: 56px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img,
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img {
    width: 56px;
    height: 56px;
    max-width: 56px;
    max-height: 56px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-group {
    grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 13px;
  }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo { width: 64px; min-height: 48px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umsom img { height: 48px; max-height: 48px; }
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--umihc img,
  .appointment-groups--compact .appointment-logo--cmns img {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    max-width: 48px;
    max-height: 48px;
  }
}


/* 2026-09-20r: Research Variant A + quieter About hierarchy */
/* Treat Recent publications and Research areas as two peer panels. */
.research-areas-panel {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 24px);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 88%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 72%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.055);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .research-areas-panel {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 86%, white 14%);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(19,43,68,.04);
}
.research-areas-head {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.research-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border: 0;
}
.research-column {
  border: 0;
  padding: 17px 18px 18px;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
  gap: 12px;
}
.research-column:nth-child(even) {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.research-column:nth-child(n+3) {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.research-column h3 {
  font-size: 15.7px;
  line-height: 1.22;
}
.research-question { font-size: 13.15px; }
.topics { font-size: 12.1px; }
.work-title { font-size: 12.25px; }

/* Make the route to the complete bibliography unmistakable but restrained. */
.research-recent-links {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.research-recent-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 34px;
  padding: 7px 11px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 60%, var(--rule));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 7%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .005em;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.research-recent-links a:hover,
.research-recent-links a:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 13%, transparent);
}

/* The leadership sidebar should read as supporting information, not a second headline column. */
.about-column--boxed .leadership-cvline,
.about-column--boxed .editorial-cvline {
  font-size: 13.25px;
  line-height: 1.44;
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-cvline .leadership-org,
.about-column--boxed .editorial-cvline .editorial-org {
  font-size: 12.35px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 690;
  letter-spacing: .025em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-cvline strong,
.about-column--boxed .editorial-cvline strong {
  font-size: 13.45px;
  font-weight: 680;
}
.about-column--boxed .editorial-cvline .editorial-status {
  font-size: 11.8px;
}

@media (max-width: 1090px) {
  .research-overview-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, .88fr) minmax(0, 1.12fr);
    gap: 30px;
  }
  .research-column { padding: 15px 14px 16px; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .research-overview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; }
  .research-recent,
  .research-areas-panel { max-width: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-column { padding: 16px 0 17px; }
  .research-column:nth-child(even) { border-left: 0; }
  .research-column:nth-child(n+2) { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .research-column:first-child { border-top: 0; }
}

/* 2026-09-20s: make the artwork-specific shimmer legible without turning the hero into an animation demo. */
.hero-particles { opacity: .96; }
html[data-theme="light"] .hero-particles { opacity: .46; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-particles { opacity: .80; }
  html[data-theme="light"] .hero-particles { opacity: .34; }
}

/* 2026-09-20t: compact tag-filter navigation within each research area. */
.selected-work-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.selected-work-head .small-label {
  margin: 0;
}
.related-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 25px;
  padding: 3px 8px 4px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 47%, var(--rule));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 5%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 10.9px;
  font-weight: 680;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: .018em;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.related-button:hover,
.related-button:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent);
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .selected-work-head { align-items: baseline; }
  .related-button { font-size: 10.4px; padding-inline: 7px; }
}

/* 2026-09-20: conference-first grouping for upcoming speaking */
.speaking-upcoming .event-list--scroll {
  padding-right: 10px;
}
.event-group {
  padding: 18px 0 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.event-group:first-child { padding-top: 16px; }
.event-group-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 10px 18px;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.event-conference {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .005em;
}
.event-conference-link { color: inherit; }
.event-group-meta {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  text-align: right;
}
.event-location-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 22px;
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 42%, var(--rule));
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 7%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 620;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.event-group-sessions {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-left: 2px;
}
.event-session {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 15px;
  padding: 10px 0 11px 14px;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.event-session + .event-session { border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 62%, transparent); }
.event-session:hover .event-title { color: var(--accent-strong); }
.event-session-date {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12.75px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.event-session .event-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.38;
  font-weight: 620;
  transition: color .15s ease;
}
.event-session .event-meta {
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 13.25px;
  line-height: 1.42;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .event-group-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; }
  .event-group-meta { justify-content: flex-start; text-align: left; }
  .event-session { grid-template-columns: 74px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 10px; padding-left: 11px; }
}

/* 2026-09-21a: navigation, leadership, speaking, appointment actions, and portrait refinements */

/* Keep the Research hover menu physically connected to its trigger so Publications remains clickable. */
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu {
  top: 100%;
  margin-top: 0;
}

/* Current-appointment secondary actions use the same quiet action language as View related. */
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links {
  gap: 7px;
  margin-top: 9px;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 26px;
  padding: 4px 9px 5px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 43%, var(--rule));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 5%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 660;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links a:hover,
.appointment-groups--compact .appointment-links a:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent);
}

/* Leadership hierarchy mirrors the Current appointments hierarchy: org, role, then quieter detail. */
.about-column--boxed .leadership-cvline {
  color: var(--text);
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-detail {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 430;
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 55%, transparent);
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link:hover,
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-strong);
}

/* More legible portrait separation in dark mode without a heavy drop shadow. */
html:not([data-theme="light"]) .portrait {
  box-shadow:
    0 20px 52px rgba(0, 0, 0, .20),
    0 0 0 1px rgba(185, 217, 255, .16),
    0 0 32px rgba(141, 192, 255, .13);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .portrait {
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(16, 36, 59, .15);
}

/* Speaking map label and explicit past/upcoming legend. */
.speaking-map-note {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
}
.map-key {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.map-key::before {
  content: "";
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  display: inline-block;
}
.map-key--past::before {
  background: #5e86aa;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(94,134,170,.32);
}
.map-key--upcoming::before {
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  background: #69dfff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(105,223,255,.20), 0 0 10px rgba(105,223,255,.28);
}
.map-interaction { color: var(--faint); }

/* Past vs upcoming locations are intentionally distinct rather than only different sizes. */
.speaking-dot {
  background: #5e86aa;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 86%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(94,134,170,.38);
}
.speaking-dot--upcoming {
  background: #69dfff;
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 82%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(105,223,255,.25), 0 0 12px rgba(105,223,255,.30);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .speaking-dot {
  background: #416d95;
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .speaking-dot--upcoming {
  background: #007fa8;
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.94);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0,127,168,.18);
}

/* Conference is the primary orienting label; individual linked talk titles are secondary blue. */
.event-conference,
.event-conference-link {
  color: var(--text);
}
.event-conference-link:hover,
.event-conference-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
}
.event-session .event-title {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-weight: 610;
}
.event-title-arrow {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: .22em;
  font-size: .88em;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.event-session:hover .event-title,
.event-session:focus-visible .event-title {
  color: var(--text);
}

/* Sessions in the same conference are grouped by whitespace, not internal divider bars. */
.event-session + .event-session {
  border-top: 0;
}
.event-session {
  padding-top: 9px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}
.event-group-sessions {
  gap: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .speaking-map-note { justify-content: flex-start; gap: 6px 8px; }
}


/* 2026-09-21b: reliable hover-to-click Research dropdown + action-oriented Connect section */
.nav-dropdown {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}
.nav-dropdown-toggle {
  appearance: none;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 520;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.nav-dropdown-toggle::after {
  content: "⌄";
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 5px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: .82em;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.nav-dropdown-toggle:hover,
.nav-dropdown-toggle:focus-visible,
.nav-dropdown-toggle.active,
.nav-dropdown[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-dropdown-toggle {
  color: var(--text);
  outline: none;
}
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu {
  display: none;
  top: 100%;
  left: -14px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
/* Invisible hover bridge prevents the pointer from falling through between trigger and menu. */
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  top: -10px;
  height: 10px;
}
.nav-dropdown:hover .nav-menu,
.nav-dropdown:focus-within .nav-menu,
.nav-dropdown.is-open .nav-menu {
  display: block;
}

.hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label {
  cursor: pointer;
}
.hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label:hover,
.hero-action-bar .hero-connect-label:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  outline: none;
}

.connect-section { scroll-margin-top: 84px; }
.connect-panel {
  padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 36px);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-soft) 78%, transparent);
}
.connect-panel-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 78%, transparent);
}
.connect-panel-heading h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 25px);
}
.connect-panel-heading p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
}
.connect-pathways {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.connect-pathway {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 24px 24px 22px 0;
}
.connect-pathway + .connect-pathway {
  padding-left: 24px;
  border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 76%, transparent);
}
.connect-pathway h4 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16px;
}
.connect-pathway p {
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 5.4em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.connect-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 15px;
  min-height: 30px;
  padding: 6px 11px 7px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent-strong) 43%, var(--rule));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 5%, transparent);
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 660;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.connect-cta:hover,
.connect-cta:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent-strong);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent);
}
.connect-profiles {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 22px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 78%, transparent);
}
.connect-profiles-label {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.connect-profiles .profile-icon-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content);
  justify-content: end;
  column-gap: clamp(12px, 1.6vw, 20px);
  row-gap: 9px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .connect-panel-heading { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
  .connect-pathways { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .connect-pathway { padding: 20px 0; }
  .connect-pathway + .connect-pathway { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 76%, transparent); }
  .connect-pathway p { min-height: 0; }
  .connect-profiles { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 13px; }
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content); justify-content: start; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .connect-panel { padding: 20px 16px; }
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links { width: 100%; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 10px 14px; }
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links a { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* Ensure legacy <details> dropdown rules cannot suppress the new hover/tap menu. */
.nav-dropdown > .nav-menu { display: none !important; }
.nav-dropdown.is-hover-open > .nav-menu,
.nav-dropdown.is-open > .nav-menu { display: block !important; }
.nav-dropdown-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] { color: var(--text); }


/* 2026-09-21c: harden Research hover menu + simplify Connect footer */
/* Header must paint above the hero; otherwise the hero stacking context can intercept the submenu. */
.hero-stage .site-header {
  z-index: 40 !important;
  overflow: visible;
}
.hero-stage .hero { z-index: 3 !important; }
.nav-dropdown {
  z-index: 60;
  overflow: visible;
}
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu {
  z-index: 1000;
  top: calc(100% - 1px);
  pointer-events: auto;
}
/* A small invisible hover corridor makes diagonal pointer movement forgiving. */
.nav-dropdown::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 999;
  left: -14px;
  right: -14px;
  top: calc(100% - 2px);
  height: 12px;
  pointer-events: auto;
}
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu { margin-top: 8px; }
.nav-dropdown .nav-menu::before {
  top: -9px;
  height: 9px;
}

/* Connect: no redundant intro label; profile links mirror the centered hero treatment. */
.connect-pathways { margin-top: 0; }
.connect-profiles {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 78%, transparent);
}
.connect-profiles .profile-icon-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  column-gap: clamp(12px, 1.6vw, 20px);
  row-gap: 9px;
}
.connect-profiles .profile-icon-links a { min-width: 0; }
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, max-content);
    column-gap: 14px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links {
    width: 100%;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    column-gap: 8px;
  }
  .connect-profiles .profile-icon-links a {
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 5px;
  }
}

/* 2026-09-21d: simplify Connect to two primary routes */
.connect-pathways--two {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(0, .85fr);
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway p {
  min-height: 0;
}
.connect-audiences {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.connect-audience {
  min-width: 0;
}
.connect-audience + .connect-audience {
  padding-left: 18px;
  border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 68%, transparent);
}
.connect-audience h5 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.connect-audience p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.connect-pathway--speaking > p {
  max-width: 34em;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .connect-pathways--two { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .connect-audiences { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .connect-audiences { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .connect-audience + .connect-audience {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-top: 16px;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 68%, transparent);
  }
}


/* 2026-09-21e: rebalance Connect + quiet inline leadership links */
/* Inline project/committee links should read as detail text, not as organization headings. */
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 48%, transparent);
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link:hover,
.about-column--boxed .leadership-inline-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

/* Two true peer panels: equal width, aligned/centered primary headings. */
.connect-pathways--two {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: stretch;
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 26px 28px 24px;
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway + .connect-pathway {
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 76%, transparent);
}
.connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway > h4 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

/* Lab audiences are subordinate to the major route, without another divider. */
.connect-audiences {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(22px, 2.8vw, 38px);
  margin-top: 0;
  align-items: start;
}
.connect-audience + .connect-audience {
  padding-left: 0;
  border-left: 0;
}
.connect-audience h5 {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 720;
  letter-spacing: .055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.connect-audience p {
  min-height: 3.1em;
}

/* Keep the speaking route visually aligned with the lab route. */
.connect-pathway--speaking > p {
  max-width: 36em;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  min-height: 3.1em;
}
.connect-pathway--speaking .connect-cta {
  align-self: flex-start;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .connect-pathways--two { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway,
  .connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway:first-child,
  .connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway:last-child {
    padding: 22px 0;
  }
  .connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway + .connect-pathway {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 76%, transparent);
  }
  .connect-pathways--two .connect-pathway > h4 { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 14px; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .connect-audiences { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
  .connect-audience + .connect-audience {
    padding-top: 0;
    border-top: 0;
  }
  .connect-audience p { min-height: 0; }
}

/* City-level talk counts on speaking-map markers. */
.speaking-dot--has-count {
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.speaking-dot-count {
  color: #071626;
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
html[data-theme="light"] .speaking-dot-count { color: #fff; }

/* 2026-09-22c: persistent navigation with responsive offset */
:root { --header-h: 84px; }
.site-header {
  position: fixed !important;
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 3000 !important;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: visible !important;
  background: transparent !important;
}
.site-header::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  width: 100vw;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 91%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 88%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.08);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.08);
}
.home-page .hero-stage {
  padding-top: var(--header-h);
}
body:not(.home-page) {
  padding-top: var(--header-h);
}
section[id], .connect-section, #main {
  scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + 18px) !important;
}
/* The hero artwork remains visible behind the fixed navbar on the home page. */
.home-page .site-header::before {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #071626 86%, transparent);
}
html[data-theme="light"] .home-page .site-header::before {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #f8fbff 90%, transparent);
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-header::before { backdrop-filter: blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
}


/* 2026-09-22e: root-level fixed header + true two-row mobile navigation */
.site-header {
  position: fixed !important;
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 10000 !important;
  overflow: visible !important;
}

/* Keep the map itself below the root-level fixed navigation. */
.speaking-map,
.speaking-map .leaflet-container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 0 !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  /* Exactly two rows: name + theme toggle, then primary navigation. */
  .site-header {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto !important;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 9px 10px !important;
    padding-top: 10px !important;
    padding-bottom: 10px !important;
  }
  .site-header > .wordmark {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    align-self: center !important;
    min-width: 0;
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  .site-header > .header-actions {
    display: contents !important;
    width: auto !important;
  }
  .site-header .theme-toggle {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    justify-self: end !important;
    align-self: center !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 11.5px !important;
    line-height: 1.15 !important;
    padding: 5px 7px !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
  }
  .site-header .nav {
    grid-column: 1 / -1 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: row !important;
    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 5px !important;
    min-width: 0;
  }
  .site-header .nav > a,
  .site-header .nav-dropdown-toggle {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    line-height: 1.2 !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
  }
  .site-header .nav-dropdown { flex: 0 0 auto; }
  .site-header .nav-menu { min-width: 158px; }
}

@media (max-width: 390px) {
  .site-header > .wordmark { font-size: 15px; }
  .site-header .theme-toggle { font-size: 10.5px !important; padding: 5px 6px !important; }
  .site-header .nav > a,
  .site-header .nav-dropdown-toggle { font-size: 11.25px !important; }
}


/* 2026-09-22f: desktop map/header stacking + compact section contact utilities */
/*
  Leaflet's panes are transformed compositing layers. Isolate the entire map in a
  low stacking context, then keep the fixed header in the root stacking context.
  This is more reliable than trying to out-rank individual Leaflet panes.
*/
.site-header {
  z-index: 2147483000 !important;
}
.speaking-layout,
.speaking-overview,
.speaking-map-block {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 0;
}
.speaking-map,
.speaking-map.leaflet-container,
.speaking-map .leaflet-container {
  position: relative !important;
  z-index: 0 !important;
  isolation: isolate;
}
/* Preserve Leaflet's internal pane ordering inside the isolated map. */
.speaking-map .leaflet-tile-pane { z-index: 200; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-overlay-pane { z-index: 400; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-shadow-pane { z-index: 500; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-marker-pane { z-index: 600; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-tooltip-pane { z-index: 650; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-popup-pane { z-index: 700; }
.speaking-map .leaflet-control-container { position: relative; z-index: 800; }

/* Connect is now a header dropdown instead of a page section. */
.hero-connect > .hero-connect-label { cursor: default; }

.nav-dropdown--connect .nav-menu {
  left: auto;
  right: -14px;
  min-width: 190px;
}

/* Quiet, section-local calls to action.
   A short centered hairline distinguishes these from the full-width section divider. */
.section-utility {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: clamp(34px, 4.5vw, 54px);
  padding-top: 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: center;
}
.section-utility::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  width: 46px;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 70%, transparent);
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.section-utility p { margin: 0; }
.section-utility-title {
  color: var(--faint) !important;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .075em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.section-utility-items {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  width: min(100%, 900px);
}
.section-utility-items p { text-wrap: balance; }
.section-utility strong {
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 650;
}
.section-utility a {
  color: var(--accent-strong);
  font-weight: 620;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.section-utility--speaking > p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .nav-dropdown--connect .nav-menu {
    left: auto;
    right: -8px;
    min-width: 176px;
  }
  .section-utility {
    gap: 8px;
    margin-top: 34px;
    padding-top: 20px;
  }
  .section-utility-items {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
    max-width: 520px;
  }
}


/* 2026-09-22c: refine research-card and section-closing hierarchy. */
.section-utility::before {
  width: clamp(150px, 16vw, 190px);
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--rule) 58%, transparent);
}
.section-utility-title {
  color: var(--text) !important;
}
.section-utility-items a,
.section-utility--speaking > p:last-child a {
  display: block;
  width: max-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 5px auto 0;
}

/* The research-area grid supplies the primary structure; use whitespace rather
   than repeated rules between individual Selected Work entries. */
.research-areas-panel .work-item {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
}
.research-areas-panel .work-item:last-of-type {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.research-areas-panel .selected-work-head {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.research-areas-panel .work-item + .work-item {
  margin-top: 4px;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .section-utility::before {
    width: min(140px, 42vw);
  }
}

/* 2026-09-22i: subtle identity sentence for search/entity consistency */
.about-identity {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: -10px 0 30px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .about-identity { margin-top: -6px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
}